UK-based historian traces influence of migrants on India’s diplomatic identity

London, Nov 3 (PTI) A UK-based historian has traced how the journeys of more than 1 million migrants during the colonial era influenced India’s diplomatic identity as the largest diaspora of the world in a new book published this week.  Dr Kalathmika Natarajan, a lecturer in Modern South Asian History in the Department of Archaeology and History and co-director of the Exeter South Asia Centre, began diving into the subject as part of her PhD research.

The result is ‘Coolie Migrants, Indian Diplomacy: Caste, Class and Indenture Abroad, 1914–67’, one of the first books that hopes to substantively draw links between international relations, indenture and labour migration.  “This book began as a PhD thesis at the University of Copenhagen in 2015, and as an effort to explore how migration shaped Indian diplomacy,” said Natarajan.  “Over the last few years of extensive archival research, it became increasingly clear that this was a diplomatic history that centred around labour migration and the figure of the ‘coolie’ migrant.

“Such a framework helped me centre categories like caste and its intersections with race, gender, class, which are often ignored in disciplines like diplomatic history or international relations, and enabled me to write a bottom-up history which highlights how migrants shaped diplomacy, rather than simply being recipients and ‘problems’ of diplomacy,” she said.

"Coolie migrants" refers to low-wage labourers from India during the British colonial era, who migrated under indentured contracts to work in other British colonies.

More than a million labourers are believed to have left India through indenture or assisted migration, heading to other parts of the British Empire or the colonies to undertake often low-paid work. They included territories as far away as British Guyana, Fiji and Trinidad.  Covering India, Sri Lanka, Britain and the Caribbean, the new book unearths lost histories from quarantine camps, passport offices and migrant houses as people moved to make Indians the world’s largest diaspora today.

It also examines the role that caste played in the making of Indian diplomacy, covering the inter-war period and the first decades after independence.  “At a time when popular discussions of migration are increasingly securitised, the book offers a historically grounded account that highlights the hierarchies of race, caste, class and gender that have shaped migration – and in turn defined postcolonial diplomacy and international relations,” Natarajan tells the University of Exeter blog.  “I hope it reads as a very different and hopefully unique way of doing diplomatic history – far from the conflicts and conferences that are often associated with the field. It also centres the voices and histories of the migrants themselves – rather than merely viewing them as subjects of diplomacy,” she said.  She hopes the book encourages students to use multilingual sources and go beyond conventional archives to delve into ideas of what diplomacy looks like.  “I hope it increases public awareness of the vast scale of indentured and ‘assisted’ labour migration from South Asia and its impact on the making of the modern world,” she said.  The lecturer drew upon a range of material for her research – from centres such as the National Archives of India and the British Library, to more specialist archives like the Tamil Nadu State Archives in Chennai, the Wellcome Library of Medical History in London and the Wolfson Centre for Archival Research at the Library of Birmingham.  The research for the book, published by Hurst in the UK and Oxford University Press in the US, covers declassified governmental documents, memoirs, petitions, newspapers and journals, correspondences, private papers, and copies and images of travel and ID documents such as passports, and emigration and quarantine passes. PTI AK GRS GRS GRS