Big question mark on whether GST reduction benefits will be passed on to consumers: Congress

New Delhi: With reduced GST rates on several items coming into effect, the Congress on Monday said the "limited" reform comes eight years too late and a "big question mark" remains on whether the benefits of tax reduction will be passed on to consumers.

Congress general secretary in-charge of communications, Jairam Ramesh, said the National Anti-profiteering Authority (NAA) was established under Section 171 of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, to monitor whether GST rate cuts resulted in the reduction of consumer prices but was rendered "toothless" by the Narendra Modi government with a notification issued of September 30, 2024.

"It should not be a case of 'vote chori' on one hand and 'munafakhori (profiteering)' on the other hand with the people not getting the benefits of the GST reduction," Ramesh told PTI.

He also claimed that "procedural complexities" have not been eased in the reforms despite the fact that it was much needed.

Ramesh pointed out that at the very launch of GST in 2017, Rahul Gandhi and the Congress had pointed out the problems and asserted that what was brought in was the "Gabbar Singh Tax".

"The Modi government mocked him and the Congress, ignored the concerns, and brought about no changes. Now that US President Donald Trump has imposed tariffs, they have been forced to improve the tax structure, and are celebrating it like a festival. This government makes an event of everything as their focus is on diverting attention from real issues," he told PTI.

Taking a swipe at Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Ramesh said that when he was the chief minister of Gujarat, he opposed the GST proposal of the then UPA for eight years from 2006 to 2014.

"We have been demanding reform of the GST regime since 2017, but the reform that has been carried out eight years too late is limited. The procedural complexities have not been eased, which was much needed. There is also a big question mark on whether the benefits of tax reduction will be passed on to the consumers or not," Ramesh said.

He asserted that this reform is not a "GST 2.0" that the Congress has been demanding, but at best can be termed "GST 1.5".

The Congress on Sunday accused Modi of taking "sole ownership" of the amendments made to the GST regime and said the current reforms were inadequate, with outstanding issues, including states' demand for an extension of compensation for another five years, remaining unaddressed.

The opposition party slammed the reforms as "applying a band-aid after inflicting deep wounds" and said the government should apologise to the public for its GST on essential items.

In his address to the nation on Sunday, Modi said a "GST bachat utsav (savings festival)" will begin from the first day of Navratri, and coupled with the income tax exemption, it will be a "double bonanza" for most people.

Responding to the address, Ramesh had said Modi addressed the nation to "claim sole ownership of the amendments made to the GST regime by the GST Council, a constitutional body."

The Indian National Congress has long argued that the Goods and Services Tax has been a "Growth-Suppressing Tax", he had said on Sunday.

"It is plagued with a high number of tax brackets, punitive tax rates for items of mass consumption, large-scale evasion and misclassification, costly compliance burdens, and an inverted duty structure (lower tax on output as compared to inputs)," Ramesh had said in a post on X.

The Prime Minister addressed the nation today to claim sole ownership of the amendments made to the GST regime by the GST Council, a constitutional body.

The Indian National Congress has long argued that the GST has been a Growth Suppressing Tax. It is plagued with a high…

— Jairam Ramesh (@Jairam_Ramesh) September 21, 2025

"We have been demanding a GST 2.0 since July 2017 itself. This was a key pledge made in our Nyay Patra for the 2024 Lok Sabha Elections," he said.

Ramesh said the current GST reforms were inadequate, with outstanding issues, including the widespread concerns of MSMEs, who are the major employment generators in the economy.

"Apart from major procedural changes, this involves further increasing the thresholds that apply to interstate supplies," he had said.

Ramesh had claimed that there were also sectoral issues, for instance, in textiles, tourism, exporters, handicrafts and agricultural inputs that must be tackled.

States should be incentivised to move towards the introduction of state-level GST to cover electricity, alcohol, petroleum and real estate as well, the Congress leader said.

"The key demand of the states made in the true spirit of cooperative federalism, namely, the extension of compensation for another five years to fully protect their revenues, remains unaddressed," Ramesh had said.

From kitchen staples to electronics, from medicines and equipment to automobiles, goods and services became cheaper from Monday as the reduced GST rates on several items came into effect from September 22 -- the first day of the Navaratri.

The tax regime now assumes a two-tier structure, with the majority of goods and services attracting tax of 5 and 18 per cent, and ultra luxury items being levied a 40 per cent tax. Tobacco and related products will continue to be in the 28 per cent plus cess category.

Till now, the GST was levied in four slabs of 5, 12, 18 and 28 per cent. Besides, a compensation cess is levied on luxury items and demerit or sin goods.